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Docker 部署 RabbitMQ

RabbitMQ 是开源的消息代理软件，实现了 AMQP 协议。

快速开始​

基础部署​

docker run -d \
  --name rabbitmq \
  -p 5672:5672 \
  -p 15672:15672 \
  -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin \
  -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=123456 \
  rabbitmq:management

访问管理界面​

  • 地址：http://localhost:15672
  • 用户名：admin
  • 密码：123456

使用配置文件​

1. 创建配置文件​

mkdir -p /etc/rabbitmq
cat > /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf << EOF
# 绑定地址
listeners.tcp.default = 5672

# 管理界面
management.tcp.port = 15672

# 内存限制
vm_memory_high_watermark.relative = 0.6

# 磁盘空间限制
disk_free_limit.absolute = 2GB

# 日志
log.dir = /var/log/rabbitmq
log.file = rabbit.log
EOF

2. 启动容器​

docker run -d \
  --name rabbitmq \
  -p 5672:5672 \
  -p 15672:15672 \
  -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin \
  -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=123456 \
  -v /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf:/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf \
  -v rabbitmq-data:/var/lib/rabbitmq \
  -v rabbitmq-logs:/var/log/rabbitmq \
  rabbitmq:management

Docker Compose 部署​

version: '3.8'

services:
  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:management
    container_name: rabbitmq
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
      - "15672:15672"
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER: admin
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS: 123456
    volumes:
      - rabbitmq-data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
      - rabbitmq-logs:/var/log/rabbitmq
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "rabbitmqctl", "status"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3

volumes:
  rabbitmq-data:
  rabbitmq-logs:

高级配置​

集群模式​

version: '3.8'

services:
  rabbitmq1:
    image: rabbitmq:management
    container_name: rabbitmq1
    hostname: rabbitmq1
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
      - "15672:15672"
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER: admin
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS: 123456
      RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE: 'rabbitmq_cookie'
    volumes:
      - rabbitmq1-data:/var/lib/rabbitmq

  rabbitmq2:
    image: rabbitmq:management
    container_name: rabbitmq2
    hostname: rabbitmq2
    ports:
      - "5673:5672"
      - "15673:15672"
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE: 'rabbitmq_cookie'
      RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE: 'rabbitmq_cookie'
    volumes:
      - rabbitmq2-data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
    depends_on:
      - rabbitmq1

  rabbitmq3:
    image: rabbitmq:management
    container_name: rabbitmq3
    hostname: rabbitmq3
    ports:
      - "5674:5672"
      - "15674:15672"
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE: 'rabbitmq_cookie'
      RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE: 'rabbitmq_cookie'
    volumes:
      - rabbitmq3-data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
    depends_on:
      - rabbitmq1

volumes:
  rabbitmq1-data:
  rabbitmq2-data:
  rabbitmq3-data:

启用插件​

# 启用管理插件
docker exec -it rabbitmq rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

# 启用延迟消息插件
docker exec -it rabbitmq rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange

常用命令​

# 查看状态
docker exec -it rabbitmq rabbitmqctl status

# 查看队列
docker exec -it rabbitmq rabbitmqctl list_queues

# 查看连接
docker exec -it rabbitmq rabbitmqctl list_connections

# 查看交换机
docker exec -it rabbitmq rabbitmqctl list_exchanges

# 清空队列
docker exec -it rabbitmq rabbitmqctl purge_queue queue_name

运维建议​

建议说明
内存限制设置合理的内存限制
持久化使用持久化队列和消息
监控监控队列长度、连接数
备份定期备份配置和数据

故障排查​

问题解决方案
连接失败检查端口和用户配置
内存不足增加内存限制或清理队列
消息丢失使用持久化队列
性能问题检查网络和磁盘 IO

相关文档​