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Docker 部署 Elasticsearch

Elasticsearch 是分布式搜索和分析引擎，常用于全文搜索、日志分析。

快速开始​

基础部署​

docker run -d \
  --name elasticsearch \
  -p 9200:9200 \
  -p 9300:9300 \
  -e "discovery.type=single-node" \
  -e "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m" \
  docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:8.10.0

使用配置文件​

1. 创建配置文件​

mkdir -p /etc/elasticsearch
cat > /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml << EOF
cluster.name: freekit-cluster
node.name: node-1
network.host: 0.0.0.0
discovery.type: single-node
xpack.security.enabled: false
EOF

2. 启动容器​

docker run -d \
  --name elasticsearch \
  -p 9200:9200 \
  -p 9300:9300 \
  -v /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml \
  -v elasticsearch-data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data \
  -v elasticsearch-logs:/usr/share/elasticsearch/logs \
  -e "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms1g -Xmx1g" \
  docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:8.10.0

Docker Compose 部署​

version: '3.8'

services:
  elasticsearch:
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:8.10.0
    container_name: elasticsearch
    ports:
      - "9200:9200"
      - "9300:9300"
    environment:
      - discovery.type=single-node
      - ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms1g -Xmx1g
      - xpack.security.enabled=false
    volumes:
      - elasticsearch-data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
      - elasticsearch-logs:/usr/share/elasticsearch/logs
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
    mem_limit: 2g

volumes:
  elasticsearch-data:
  elasticsearch-logs:

高级配置​

集群模式​

version: '3.8'

services:
  elasticsearch1:
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:8.10.0
    container_name: elasticsearch1
    ports:
      - "9200:9200"
      - "9300:9300"
    environment:
      - cluster.name=freekit-cluster
      - node.name=elasticsearch1
      - discovery.seed_hosts=elasticsearch2,elasticsearch3
      - cluster.initial_master_nodes=elasticsearch1,elasticsearch2,elasticsearch3
      - ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms1g -Xmx1g
    volumes:
      - elasticsearch1-data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data

  elasticsearch2:
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:8.10.0
    container_name: elasticsearch2
    ports:
      - "9201:9200"
      - "9301:9300"
    environment:
      - cluster.name=freekit-cluster
      - node.name=elasticsearch2
      - discovery.seed_hosts=elasticsearch1,elasticsearch3
      - cluster.initial_master_nodes=elasticsearch1,elasticsearch2,elasticsearch3
      - ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms1g -Xmx1g
    volumes:
      - elasticsearch2-data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data

  elasticsearch3:
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:8.10.0
    container_name: elasticsearch3
    ports:
      - "9202:9200"
      - "9302:9300"
    environment:
      - cluster.name=freekit-cluster
      - node.name=elasticsearch3
      - discovery.seed_hosts=elasticsearch1,elasticsearch2
      - cluster.initial_master_nodes=elasticsearch1,elasticsearch2,elasticsearch3
      - ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms1g -Xmx1g
    volumes:
      - elasticsearch3-data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data

volumes:
  elasticsearch1-data:
  elasticsearch2-data:
  elasticsearch3-data:

常用命令​

# 查看集群状态
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cluster/health?pretty"

# 查看节点信息
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/nodes?v"

# 查看索引
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v"

# 创建索引
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/myindex"

# 删除索引
curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/myindex"

运维建议​

建议说明
内存限制设置合理的 JVM 内存
持久化使用数据卷持久化
监控监控集群健康状态
备份定期备份索引数据

故障排查​

问题解决方案
启动失败检查 JVM 内存设置
集群状态异常检查网络和配置
性能问题检查查询和索引配置
磁盘空间不足清理旧索引或增加磁盘

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